The spelling of the present participle

The spelling of the present participle

1) When a verb ends in a single "e", this "e" is dropped before "ing":

Examples:
 - argue, arguing
 - hate, hating
 - love, loving
   a) except after "age", "dye" and "singe":
 - ageing
 - dyeing
 - singeing
   b) and except in verbs ending in "ee":
 - agree, agreeing
 - see, seeing
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2) When a verb of one syllable has one vowel and ends in a single consonant, this consonant is doubled before "ing":

Examples:
 - hit, hitting
 - run, running
 - stop, stopping 

3) Verbs of two or more syllables whose last syllable contains only one vowel and ends in a single consonant double this consonant if the stress falls on the last syllable:

Examples:
 - admit, admitting
 - begin, beginning
 - prefer, preferring

but:
 - budget, budgeting
 - center, centering (stress not on the last syllable).
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4) A final "l" after a single vowel is, however, always doubled (except in American English):

Examples:
 - signal, signalling
 - travel, travelling
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5) "ing" can be added to a verb ending in "y" without affecting the spelling of the verb:

Examples:
 - carry, carrying
 - enjoy, enjoying
 - hurry, hurrying


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